- Jahrgang 68 (2023)
- Vol. 68 (2023)
- >
- Ausgabe 4
- Nr. 4
- >
- Seiten 441 - 458
- pp. 441 - 458
Solidarity’s Reach: The Expansive Diversity of Solidarity Cities
Seiten 441 - 458
DOI https://doi.org/10.33675/AMST/2023/4/5
open-access
This publication is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons License Attribution - NonCommercial - NoDerivatives 4.0.
Political solidarity cannot be practiced by an individual in isolation; it characterizes groups, both as a descriptive and as a normative concept. But what are the boundaries of the solidaristic group? This paper takes on the assumption that “solidarity has its limits.” I argue that in order to understand what solidarity is, we have to understand its reach. The bounds of solidarity are inclusive, expansive, and fluid. Solidarity is inclusive because it has no membership criteria and no penalty for free-riders. Solidarity is expansive insofar as the causes which it addresses often require participants to seek deeper understanding of the social and political conditions which give rise to the need for solidarity. Solidarity is fluid because it connects seemingly disparate causes, and it has a tendency to transform in response to both the need for and the effect of social change. Understanding these aspects of solidarity’s reach helps to conceptualize the unique moral relations of solidarity.
1 Atak, Idil. “Toronto’s Sanctuary City Policy: Rationale and Barriers.” Sanctuary Cities and Urban Struggles. Ed. Jonathan Darling and Harald Bauder. Manchester: Manchester UP, 2019. 105-30. Print.
2 Bagelman, Jen. “Sanctuary Artivism: Expanding Geopolitical Imaginations.” Sanctuary Cities and Urban Struggles. Ed. Jonathan Darling and Harald Bauder. Manchester: Manchester UP, 2019. 131-62. Print.
3 Banting, Keith. “Is There a Progressive’s Dilemma in Canada? Immigration, Multiculturalism and the Welfare State.” Canadian Journal of Political Science / Revue canadienne de science politique 43.4 (2010): 797-820. Print.
4 Banting, Keith, and Will Kymlicka, eds. The Strains of Commitment: The Political Sources of Solidarity in Diverse Societies. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2017. Print.
5 Bauder, Harald. “Urban Sanctuary in Context.” Sanctuary Cities and Urban Struggles. Ed. Jonathan Darling and Harald Bauder. Manchester: Manchester UP, 2019. 25-49. Print.
6 Borevi, Karin. “Diversity and Solidarity in Denmark and Sweden.” The Strains of Commitment: The Political Sources of Solidarity in Diverse Societies. Ed. Keith Banting and Will Kymlicka. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2017. 364-88. Print.
7 Brunkhorst, Hauke. Solidarity: From Civic Friendship to Global Legal Community. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2005. Print.
8 Darling, Jonathan. “Sanctuary, Presence, and the Politics of Urbanism.” Sanctuary Cities and Urban Struggles. Ed. Jonathan Darling and Harald Bauder. Manchester: Manchester UP, 2019. 242-64. Print.
9 Darling, Jonathan, and Harald Bauder. “Sanctuary Cities and Urban Struggles: Rescaling Migration, Citizenship, and Rights.” Introduction. Sanctuary Cities and Urban Struggles. Ed. Jonathan Darling and Harald Bauder. Manchester: Manchester UP, 2019. 1-22. Print.
10 Foerster, Amy. “Solidarity or Sanctuary? A Global Strategy for Migrant Rights.” Humanity & Society 43.1 (2019): 19-42. Print.
11 Garza, Alicia. The Purpose of Power: How We Come Together When We Fall Apart. New York: One World, 2020. Print.
12 Habermas, Jürgen. “Justice and Solidarity: On the Discussion Concerning Stage 6.” Hermeneutics and Critical Theory in Ethics and Politics. Ed. Michael Kelly. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1990. Print.
13 Hall, Peter A. “The Political Sources of Social Solidarity.” The Strains of Commitment: The Political Sources of Solidarity in Diverse Societies. Ed. Keith Banting and Will Kymlicka. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2017. 201-32. Print.
14 Kuge, Janika. “Uncovering Sanctuary Cities: Between Policy, Practice, and Politics.” Sanctuary Cities and Urban Struggles. Ed. Jonathan Darling and Harald Bauder. Manchester: Manchester UP, 2019. 50-76. Print.
15 Moffette, David, and Jennifer Ridgley. “Sanctuary City Organizing in Canada: From Hospitality to Solidarity.” Migration and Society: Advances in Research 1 (2018): 147-55. Print.
16 Nail, Thomas, Faria Kamal, and Syed Hussan. “Building Sanctuary City: NOII-Toronto on Non-Status Migrant Justice Organizing” Upping the Anti 11. 20 Nov. 2010. Web. 11 July 2023. https://uppingtheanti.org/journal/article/11-noii-sanctuary-city/.
17 Rothstein, Bo. “Solidarity, Diversity, and the Quality of Government.” The Strains of Commitment: The Political Sources of Solidarity in Diverse Societies. Ed. Jonathan Darling and Harald Bauder. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2017. 300-26. Print.
18 Scholz, Sally J. “Persons Transformed by Political Solidarity.” Appraisal 8.2 (2010): 19-27. Print.
19 ---. Political Solidarity. University Park: Pennsylvania State UP, 2008. Print.
20 ---. “Solidarity as a Human Right.” Archiv des Völkerrechts 52.1 (2014): 49-67. Print.
21 ---. “Solidarity as Sanctuary: Presidential Address.” Social Philosophy Today 36 (2020): 9-21. Print.
22 Schwiertz, Helge. “Transformations of the Undocumented Youth Movement and Radical Egalitarian Citizenship.” Citizenship Studies 20.5 (2016): 610-28. Print.
23 Schwiertz, Helge, and Helen Schwenken. “Introduction: Inclusive Solidarity and Citizenship along Migratory Routes in Europe and the Americas.” Citizenship Studies 24.4 (2020): 405-23. Print.
24 Solidarity Cities. “About.” Solidarity Cities. Solidaritycities.eu, n. d. Web. 11 July 2023. http://solidaritycities.eu/about/.
25 Straehle, Christine. “Associative Solidarity, Relational Goods, and Autonomy for Refugees: What Does It Mean to Stand in Solidarity with Refugees?” Journal of Social Philosophy 51.4 (2020): 526-42. Print.
26 UNHCR Canada. “Tell Your City You Support Refugees.” UNHCR Canada, n. d. Web. 11 July 2023. https://act.unhcr.ca/page/41858/petition/1?ea.tracking.id=CWR21_UNR_OL#_ga=2.197329706.484105525.1625228940-1589959560.1625228940.
27 Wilcox, Shelley. “How Can Sanctuary Policies Be Justified?” Public Affairs Quarterly 33.2 (2019): 89-113. Print.
28 Yarris, Kristin E. Care across Generations: Solidarity and Sacrifice in Transnational Families. Stanford, CA: Stanford UP, 2017. Print.
29 Zhang, Chenchen. “Free Movement and Social Citizenship: Towards a Politically Constructed Understanding of Solidarity across Borders.” Transnational Solidarity: Concept, Challenges, and Opportunities. Ed. Helle Krunke, Hanne Petersen, and Ian Manners. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2020. 327-49. Print.
